Cost of Capital

With a track record spanning over 20 years, we have established ourselves as trusted advisors in regulatory economics and cost of capital issues.

We have consistently delivered high-quality results, enabling our clients to make informed decisions, navigate complex regulatory environments, and achieve their strategic objectives. We cater to a diverse range of clients including private companies and utility regulators both in the UK and overseas. We take pride in our ability to offer comprehensive support throughout the entire regulatory process. From the initial assessment of price controls to the preparation of regulatory appeals, our team provides expert guidance to ensure that our clients’ interests are effectively represented. We also excel in providing cost of capital advice as part of expert witness submissions, bringing our technical expertise and industry knowledge to bear in legal proceedings. We frequently leverage our deep understanding of cost of capital principles to provide comprehensive advice to clients on a range of corporate finance issues.

When it comes to cost of capital advice, we understand the critical role it plays in informing key decisions and shaping regulatory outcomes

Our approach is rigorous and data-driven, combining economic analysis with an understanding of the unique dynamics of the sectors we serve. Examples of sectors we have advised include: water, energy (gas and electricity), transport (aviation, rail, roads), telecoms, ports,etc. 

For example, we can advise on: 

Methodology for cost of capital

Advising on specific methodological issues related to the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC).

Estimation of cost of capital

Estimating the cost of capital for projects, firms or sectors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or other models (e.g. Dividend Growth Model, third moment CAPM, Fama-French model), drawing on market data and regulatory precedents.

Financeability

Assessing the financeability of price control proposals, and advising on how any financeability problems that are identified should be addressed.

Support in price review process

Providing support on the cost of capital and financeability to regulated firms or regulators in the context of price control reviews (e.g. by providing them with analysis and assisting them…

Providing support on the cost of capital and financeability to regulated firms or regulators in the context of price control reviews (e.g. by providing them with analysis and assisting them in responding to representations from other parties). Our wider price control expertise is presented in more detail here.

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Support in price review process

Providing support on the cost of capital and financeability to regulated firms or regulators in the context of price control reviews (e.g. by providing them with analysis and assisting them…

Read more...

Policy assessments

Assessing the impact of policy interventions (e.g. changes in regulatory frameworks) on firms’ cost of capital.

Analysis of business risk

Modelling the systemic risk (i.e. those correlated with the broader economy) of business activities.

Financial viability of capital projects

Assessing the expected costs of financing capital projects.

Macroeconomic analysis

Providing forward looking views on the macroeconomic cycle and its implications for the building blocks of the cost of capital (e.g. risk-free rate, asset betas, and debt premium). Our macroeconomic analysis expertise is presented in more detail here.

When it comes to cost of capital advice, we understand the critical role it plays in informing key decisions and shaping regulatory outcomes

Our approach is rigorous and data-driven, combining economic analysis with an understanding of the unique dynamics of the sectors we serve. Examples of sectors we have advised include: water, energy (gas and electricity), transport (aviation, rail, roads), telecoms, ports,etc. 

For example, we can advise on: 

Key Contacts

Please feel free to reach out to our experts if you have any questions.

Executive Director and Principal

Director and Managing Consultant

Cost of Capital Publications

WACC update for the Irish mobile, fixed-line, and broadcasting sectors
Europe Economics was commissioned by Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg) to provide an annual update on the WACC for the...
ACM return on equity in rail sector
Europe Economics was commissioned by ACM to advise on the return on equity for rail related services for 2022-2026 in...
Cost of Capital for Electricity and Gas in Flanders
Europe Economics was commissioned by VREG Vlaamse Regulator voor de Elektriciteits- en Gasmarkt (VREG) to determine the cost of capital...
Cost of capital for the Water Sector PR19
Europe Economics, along with PwC and Mott MacDonald, provided support to Ofwat for PR19 across a range of areas, including...
WACC for Heat exchangers in the Netherlands
Europe Economics was commissioned by ACM to determine the of cost of capital for heat exchangers using the ACM method...
WACC for the Caribbean Netherlands
Europe Economics was commission by the ACM to provide a study to propose a credible peer group of companies (with...
Ofcom Total Market Return
This report for Ofcom sets out Europe Economics’ analysis of the Total Market Return component of the cost of capital....
Cost of Capital Update for Electricity Generation, Storage _ Demand Side Response Technologies
The Department for Business Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) commissioned Europe Economics to update the BEIS 2015 hurdle rates for...
Cost of Capital for Mobile, Fixed Line and Broadcasting Price Controls
Europe Economics has estimated the cost of capital in three telecommunications markets on behalf of the Commission for Communications Regulation...
WACC for Ofgem_s Future Price Control (Phase 3)
Europe Economics was commissioned by Ofgem for advice on the cost of capital for transmission and gas distribution.
Cost of Capital for NATS (En Route) plc for CP3
Europe Economics was commissioned by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to advise on the appropriate cost of capital that NERL...
Cost of Capital for TAO, TSO, DSO (Appendices)
Europe Economics was commissioned by the CER to advise on the appropriate cost of capital for electricity transmission and distribution...
Cost of Capital for TCO, TSO, and DSO
Europe Economics was commissioned by the Commission for Energy Regulation (CER) to advise on the appropriate cost of capital for...
Regulating Finance for NATS CP3
Europe Economics was commissioned by the CAA to assess why bondholders may not view any stated commitment by the CAA...
CAA_s Initial price Control Proposals for Heathrow, Gatwick, and Stansted Airports
This paper discusses the approach to be taken to various issues in setting the cost of capital. It contains recommendations...

Connect with us

Feel free to reach out to us to discuss your needs or ask any questions you may have. We welcome you to contact us for further information or to explore how we can assist you.

Support in price review process

Providing support on the cost of capital and financeability to regulated firms or regulators in the context of price control reviews (e.g. by providing them with analysis and assisting them in responding to representations from other parties). Our wider price control expertise is presented in more detail here.